sedimentary
Concrete Fragment
Artificial Conglomerate (Cement and Aggregate)
Hardness: 3-7 Mohs (variable); Color: grey with darker grit; Luster: dull, earthy; Structure: granular, non-crystalline matrix; Specific Gravity: ~2.4
- Hardness
- 3-7 Mohs (variable)
- Color
- grey with darker grit
- Luster
- dull, earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 3-7 Mohs (variable); Color: grey with darker grit; Luster: dull, earthy; Structure: granular, non-crystalline matrix; Specific Gravity: ~2.4
Formation & geological history
Man-made via hydration of Portland cement mixed with water, sand, and gravel. It is a modern anthropogenic material common in urban environments.
Uses & applications
Primary material for infrastructure, buildings, sidewalks, and residential construction globally.
Geological facts
Concrete is the most widely used man-made material in the world by mass, and its production accounts for about 8% of global CO2 emissions.
Field identification & locations
Identify by the presence of sand and gravel aggregates bonded by a fine grey paste; often found as urban debris or 'urbanite'.
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