sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, yellow, or reddish, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: clastic/granular texture with visible sand grains, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, grey, yellow, or reddish, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: clastic/granular texture with visible sand grains, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2–2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Common environments include deserts, riverbeds, and ocean basins where high-energy water or wind deposits sediments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as a building material and paving stone; also used in glass manufacturing if the quartz content is high (silica sand). Fine-grained versions are used for making grindstones and sharpening tools.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks in the Earth's crust. It often contains fossils and serves as a major reservoir for groundwater, oil, and natural gas due to its high porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible horizontal bedding planes. It is commonly found in canyons, cliffs, and riverbeds. For collectors, look for specimens with interesting banding or ripple marks.
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