sedimentary
Sandstone (likely Quartzose Sandstone)
Arenite (SiO2 predominantly)
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture on grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (individual grains)
- Color
- Tan, brown, or buff
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (individual grains); Color: Tan, brown, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture on grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments over millions of years (Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras).
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building facades, paving, and crushing into aggregate. High quartz varieties are used in glass manufacturing and as industrial abrasives.
Geological facts
Sandstone constitutes about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations of the American Southwest are primarily composed of sandstone colored by iron oxide.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Found globally, especially in sedimentary basins or near ancient shorelines. Common in roadcuts and cliffs.
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