sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2 with Fe2O3 cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None (conchoidal or irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (sand-sized grains); Cleavage: None (conchoidal or irregular fracture); Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically in deserts, riverbeds, or coastal environments. This specimen shows iron-oxide staining (limonite or hematite) indicating oxidation during or after deposition.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in building construction as flagstone or decorative veneer. Finely ground sandstone is used in glass manufacturing and as an industrial abrasive.
Geological facts
Sandstone provides vital information to geologists about past environments, including ancient river paths and desert wind directions. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sand-paper like texture when rubbed. It often displays bedding planes or layers. It is ubiquitous worldwide in sedimentary basins.
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