sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose Sandstone)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy (when dry); Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brownish-tan to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull to earthy (when dry)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brownish-tan to reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy (when dry); Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (lithification). This specimen appears to be a water-worn river stone or beach pebble, indicating significant mechanical weathering over thousands of years.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in construction as a building material, for paving stones, and in the production of glass. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rocks. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and the city of Petra are carved from or composed of massive sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds, deserts, and coastal areas. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.
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