sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily composed of SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains); Cleavage: None (grains are cemented together); Specific gravity: 2.2 to 2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified January 13, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. The grains are typically quartz or feldspar. They form in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. Geological age ranges from Precambrian to Holocene.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in construction as dimension stone, for road base, as decorative landscaping rock, and for manufacturing glass (if high-purity quartz). It is also a significant reservoir for water and hydrocarbons.

Geological facts

Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock and makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary crust. Examples include the famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and Petra in Jordan.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible grains. It often shows layering (bedding). Commonly found in dry regions, near water basins, or in cliffs. Collectors should look for unique color bands or fossil inclusions.

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