sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (primarily SiO2 with Fe2O3 staining)
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz); Color: Tan, brownish-orange, and yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.1-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz)
- Color
- Tan, brownish-orange, and yellow
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale (due to quartz); Color: Tan, brownish-orange, and yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.1-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The brownish-orange coloration suggests the presence of iron oxide (hematite or limonite) that precipitated during diagenesis in fluvial or desert environments.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, paving stone, and in the production of glass. It also serves as a critical reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone can preserve fossilized footprints and ripple marks from ancient riverbeds or beaches; it accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth's crust.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct 'sandpaper' feel when rubbed and the visible presence of small grains. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins, canyons, and coastal bluffs. For collectors, look for unique banding patterns or fossil inclusions.
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