sedimentary
Jasper (Red Jasper)
Silicon Dioxide (SiO₂)
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown (oxidized iron); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 2.58 - 2.91
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Reddish-brown (oxidized iron)
- Luster
- Vitreous to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5 - 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown (oxidized iron); Luster: Vitreous to dull; Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline quartz); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific gravity: 2.58 - 2.91
Formation & geological history
Formed from silica-rich groundwater or volcanic ash that fills fissures or replaces organic matter over millions of years; often found in sedimentary environments or as rounded pebbles in stream beds.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in lapidary work for cabochons, beads, and stone carvings; historically used for seals and amulets; occasionally used as an ornamental building material.
Geological facts
Jasper is an opaque variety of chalcedony. The name comes from the Greek 'iaspis', meaning 'spotted stone.' It has been a popular gemstone since ancient Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy-to-dull luster when unpolished and its inability to be scratched by a steel knife. It is commonly found in gravel pits, deserts, and beaches worldwide. Collectors looks for smooth, water-worn pebbles.
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