sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite with Iron Oxide cement
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-pink; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Granular, sand-like grains; Porosity: High; Common mineral: Quartz.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-pink
- Luster
- Dull to earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-pink; Luster: Dull to earthy; Texture: Granular, sand-like grains; Porosity: High; Common mineral: Quartz.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish hues suggest iron oxide (hematite or limonite) acting as a cementing agent during lithification in terrestrial or shallow marine environments.
Uses & applications
Used in construction as a building stone or road aggregate. Crushed sandstone is used in glassmaking and as abrasive material. Large blocks are popular for landscaping.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of the sedimentary rocks on Earth. Its high porosity allows it to act as an excellent aquifer for groundwater and a reservoir for petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering (bedding planes). It can often be scratched with a steel blade if the cement is weak, but quartz grains will remain hard. Found globally in deserts, riverbeds, and coastal regions.
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