sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Tan, beige, or yellowish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of rounded grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale
Color: Tan, beige, or yellowish
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified January 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs scale; Color: Tan, beige, or yellowish; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of rounded grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed by the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically through the compaction and cementation of quartz grains over millions of years in river, desert, or marine environments.

Uses & applications

Used extensively in building construction, flagstone for walkways, as an abrasive agent for grinding, and as a reservoir rock for oil and natural gas.

Geological facts

Sandstone is highly porous and permeable, making it the most important type of rock for storing groundwater and hydrocarbons. It has been used since prehistoric times for carving and construction due to its relative ease of carving when fresh.

Field identification & locations

Identified in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible bedding layers. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and canyons globally; collectors look for well-defined stratification or fossil inclusions.