sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, beige, or light brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified April 1, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grain-based); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. It typically forms in desert, river, or coastal environments through the process of lithification over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Widely used in the construction of buildings, monuments, and paving. It is also a significant reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the 'Wave' in Arizona are made primarily of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sand-paper-like texture. It often shows visible layers or 'bedding'. Commonly found in canyons, riverbeds, and sedimentary basins.