sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6-7; Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or gray; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains or rock fragments); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Color
- Reddish-brown, tan, or gray
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness (Mohs scale): 6-7; Color: Reddish-brown, tan, or gray; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (composed of mineral grains or rock fragments); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized grains, typically in deserts, riverbeds, or oceanic environments. Dates from various geological eras depending on location.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a construction material (building stone), paving material, in glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and as decorative landscaping stone.
Geological facts
Sandstone is often the primary reservoir rock for oil and gas because of its porosity. Famous examples include the red sandstone structures in Petra, Jordan, and the Grand Canyon.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible gritty grains. It is often found in layered beds or outcrops. Collectors look for unique coloration or cross-bedding patterns.
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