sedimentary

Sandstone (Quartzose)

Arenite (SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, brown, yellow, and reddish-orange due to iron oxides; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (sand grains); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale
Color: Tan, brown, yellow, and reddish-orange due to iron oxides
Luster: Dull or earthy

Identified June 13, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains, typically quartz or feldspar. It originates in high-energy environments like beaches, deserts, or riverbeds, and undergoes lithification over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction for paving and building stone. Highly valued in industry as a reservoir for oil, gas, and groundwater. Some ornamental varieties are used in landscaping.

Geological facts

Sandstone can resist weathering for centuries, which is why it was used to build famous historic structures like Petra in Jordan and the US Capitol. It accounts for about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth's crust.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often found in outcrops with layered bedding. Commonly found in canyons, coastal cliffs, and arid regions.