sedimentary
Sandstone (with minor quartz and possible clay components)
Clastic Sedimentary Rock (SiO2 dominated)
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale for individual quartz grains); Color: Buff, tan, and light brown; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (on Mohs scale for individual quartz grains)
- Color
- Buff, tan, and light brown
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (on Mohs scale for individual quartz grains); Color: Buff, tan, and light brown; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Granular with visible sand grains; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years through lithification.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass (if high silica content), and for road-base or construction aggregate.
Geological facts
Sandstone is one of the most common sedimentary rocks on Earth. It often acts as a natural aquifer, holding groundwater or petroleum due to its porosity.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its gritty, abrasive texture (like sandpaper) and visible layering or bedding. Common in arid canyons and coastal cliffs worldwide.
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