sedimentary
Sandstone (Red Sandstone / River Stone)
Arenite (composed primarily of Quartz, SiO2, with Iron Oxide cementation)
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Reddish-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine-grained; Texture: Gritty like sandpaper; Cleavage: None.
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Reddish-brown to tan
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Reddish-brown to tan; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Clastic, fine-grained; Texture: Gritty like sandpaper; Cleavage: None.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and compaction of mineral grains or rock fragments. The red color suggests deposition in an oxygen-rich environment (arid or fluvial) where iron minerals oxidized. This specific specimen has been rounded by fluvial (river) or marine (beach) erosion.
Uses & applications
Construction (flagstone, pavers), glass manufacturing (if high silica), architectural masonry, and household decor/garden stones.
Geological facts
Red sandstone is famous for creating the landscape of the American Southwest, such as the Grand Canyon and Antelope Canyon. It is also the primary material used for many historical 'brownstone' buildings in New York.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture and visible sand grains. It is extremely common in sedimentary basins, riverbeds, and coastal areas. It is often found in stratified layers called bedding.
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