sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains of sand); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Tan, yellow, or buff
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 on Mohs scale; Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grains of sand); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (detritus). Most sandstone is composed of quartz and/or feldspar. It forms in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches.
Uses & applications
Primary use is in construction as building stone, pavers, or crushed stone for road bases. High-purity quartz sandstone is used to make glass.
Geological facts
Sandstone can be a major aquifer, holding large amounts of groundwater in its pore spaces. It is also a primary reservoir for petroleum and natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. Often displays visible layering or bedding. Found globally in sedimentary basins.
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