sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (SiO2 based with primary clasts 0.0625 to 2 mm)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts). Generally deposited in river, desert, or marine environments over millions of years through lithification.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in construction as a building material, road base, and for decorative paving or walling. It is also an important reservoir rock for oil and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Treasury at Petra and the Grand Canyon are primarily composed of sandstone layers.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible grains. Often found in areas with ancient sedimentary basins or near cliffs and outcrops in arid regions.
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