sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Sandstone (primarily SiO2 with Iron Oxide cement)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic/Granular; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2 - 2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments. Often formed in deserts, riverbeds, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Used primarily as a building material, road base, or in glass manufacturing. Common in landscaping and historical architecture.
Geological facts
Sandstone accounts for roughly 20-25% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth and is a major reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its 'sandpaper' texture and visible grains. Often displays bedding layers. Commonly found in canyons, beaches, and sedimentary basins.
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