sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified March 31, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, brown, or grayish-yellow; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (clastic texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation, compaction, and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). Typically forms in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Commonly used as a building material in masonry, paving, and construction. Also used in glass making and for industrial grinding/filtration.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon or the Treasury at Petra are carved out of or composed of sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like feel and visible grains. Often found in riverbeds, cliffs, and desert outcrops. Collectors look for unique banding patterns called Liesegang rings.