sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 principal component)

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich)
Color: Tan, beige, or light brown
Luster: Dull/Earthy

Identified June 23, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 Mohs (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular/Clastic; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. Typically deposited in river, lake, or marine environments and lithified over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in construction, paving, and decorative stonework. High-purity quartz sandstone is used in glassmaking and industrial abrasives.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 10-20% of the Earth's sedimentary rock. Famous formations include the Grand Canyon and the red rocks of Sedona and Horseshoe Bend.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture. It often shows bedding or layering. Common in riverbeds and coastal cliffs. Collectors should check for grain size and cement type.