sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand-sized grains; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 Mohs
- Color
- Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 Mohs; Color: Tan, brown, or reddish-brown due to iron oxide; Luster: Dull or earthy; Structure: Clastic with visible sand-sized grains; Cleavage: None (fractures across grains); Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and lithification of sand-sized mineral particles or rock fragments, typically in river beds, beaches, or deserts. Most common in Paleozoic and Mesozoic strata.
Uses & applications
Used extensively as a construction building material, paving stones, and for ornamental architectural features. High-quality sandstone is also an important reservoir rock for oil, gas, and groundwater.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rocks of the Grand Canyon and the Nabataean city of Petra are primarily composed of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible bedding layers. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and eroded plateau regions worldwide.
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