sedimentary
Jasper (Liver Jasper or Chocolate Jasper)
Jasper (Silicate - SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep brownish-red to chocolate brown; Luster: Dull to waxy; Crystal Structure: Microcrystalline (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Deep brownish-red to chocolate brown
- Luster
- Dull to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep brownish-red to chocolate brown; Luster: Dull to waxy; Crystal Structure: Microcrystalline (trigonal); Cleavage: None/Conchoidal fracture; Specific Gravity: 2.6-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the infiltration of silica-rich fluids into volcanic ash or fine sedimentary deposits. Its deep brown color is derived from high concentrations of iron oxides (goethite or hematite).
Uses & applications
Commonly used for lapidary work including cabochons, beads, and ornamental carvings. It is also used as a landscape stone or in tumbled collections.
Geological facts
Jasper has been used since ancient times for amulets and tools; its name comes from the Greek word 'iaspis', meaning spotted stone. It is known for its extreme opacity compared to agate.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its smooth, shell-like (conchoidal) fracture, high hardness (it will scratch glass), and opaque density. Often found in riverbeds or desert regions of the Western USA, Madagascar, and Brazil.
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