sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (composed primarily of SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, or reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Brown, tan, or reddish-brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, or reddish-brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (grainy texture); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (sand) over millions of years in environments like deserts, river deltas, or beaches. It can range in age from the Precambrian to the Holocene.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in construction for flagstone, paving, and building facades. It is also an important reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum deposits. High-purity sandstone is used to make glass.
Geological facts
Red sandstone gets its color from iron oxide (hematite). Many of the world's most famous natural arches and canyons, such as those in Zion National Park, are carved from thick layers of sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding). It is commonly found in sedimentary basins worldwide. For collectors, look for specimens with cross-bedding or fossil ripple marks.
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