sedimentary
Sandstone (Ferruginous)
Arenite (Fe-bearing Clastic Sedimentary Rock)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, rust-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs)
- Color
- Tan, brown, rust-orange
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs); Color: Tan, brown, rust-orange; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments. The reddish-brown staining suggests iron-oxide (hematite or limonite) cementation. Generally stems from ancient river, desert, or marine environments ranging from the Paleozoic to Cenozoic eras.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as a building material, road base, or for architectural stone; also used as a source of quartz for glass making if pure.
Geological facts
Sandstone represents approximately 20% of the sedimentary rocks on Earth. The distinct banding or staining in this specimen, often called Liesegang rings when circular, is caused by the rhythmic precipitation of iron oxides.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible layering. It is commonly found in canyons, dry riverbeds, and sedimentary basins worldwide.
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