gemstone
Amethyst
Amethyst (Silicon Dioxide, SiO2 with Iron impurities)
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Specific Gravity: 2.65.
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Purple, violet, or lavender
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Specific Gravity: 2.65.
Formation & geological history
Forms within hydrothermal veins or volcanic geodes when silica-rich water cools. The purple color is caused by trace amounts of iron being irradiated within the quartz crystal lattice.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry (rings, necklaces, earrings) and as decorative specimens or metaphysical stones. It is the birthstone for February.
Geological facts
The name comes from the Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as ancients believed it prevented drunkenness. Some amethysts turn yellow and become citrine when heat-treated.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive purple color and lack of cleavage. It is commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Collectors should look for deep 'Siberian' purple hues for higher value.
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