mineral
Amethyst
Quartz (Silicon Dioxide with Iron impurities), SiO2
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
- Hardness
- 7 on Mohs scale
- Color
- Purple, violet, or lavender
- Luster
- Vitreous (glassy)
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Physical properties
Hardness: 7 on Mohs scale; Color: Purple, violet, or lavender; Luster: Vitreous (glassy); Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (trigonal); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.65
Formation & geological history
Forms in hydrothermal veins and basaltic cavities (geodes) when silica-rich water cools. The purple color is caused by trace amounts of iron irradiation in the crystal lattice.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry (faceting, cabochons), home decor, and spiritual/metaphysical collections.
Geological facts
Amethyst is the birthstone for February. Its name comes from the Ancient Greek word 'amethystos', meaning 'not intoxicated', as it was believed to protect the wearer from drunkenness.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its purple color and hardness (it can scratch glass). Commonly found in Brazil, Uruguay, Zambia, and South Korea. Look for hexagonal crystal points in volcanic rock cavities.
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