sedimentary
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Carbon)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Jet black to dark steel gray; Luster: Submetallic to metallic shiny; Crystal Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.4
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Jet black to dark steel gray
- Luster
- Submetallic to metallic shiny
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Jet black to dark steel gray; Luster: Submetallic to metallic shiny; Crystal Structure: Amorphous (non-crystalline); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.4
Formation & geological history
Formed from the remains of ancient plants in swampy environments through the process of coalification under high heat and pressure, typically during the Carboniferous period (approx. 300-360 million years ago).
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a high-grade fuel for domestic heating and industrial power generation. Also used in water filtration and as a source of carbon for various manufacturing processes.
Geological facts
Anthracite has the highest carbon content (86-97%) and the fewest impurities of all coal types. It burns with a short blue flame and very little smoke.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its shiny, black, glass-like appearance and its relative hardness compared to soft coals. Commonly found in folded mountain regions such as the Appalachian Mountains in Pennsylvania, USA.
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