sedimentary
Sandstone
Arenite (primarily SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
- Hardness
- 6-7 (if quartz-rich)
- Color
- Tan, yellow, or buff
- Luster
- Dull or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (if quartz-rich); Color: Tan, yellow, or buff; Luster: Dull or earthy; Crystal structure: Clastic (granular); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8
Formation & geological history
Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, usually in desert, river, or coastal environments over millions of years.
Uses & applications
Widely used as a construction material for flagstones, decorative tiles, and statues; also a key reservoir for groundwater and petroleum.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous geological formations like the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily carved from sandstone.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sedimentary layers. It is found globally in sedimentary basins and arid regions.
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Fossiliferous Sedimentary Rock
Sedimentary limestone with invertebrate fossil imprint
fossil
Sandstone or Siltstone
Arenite (if sandstone)
Sedimentary
Fossiliferous Concretion
Septarian Concretion containing Brachiopods/Crinoids
fossil
Quartz pebble
Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
sedimentary
Generic Pebble / Rock Fragment
Lithic fragment / Weathered rock
sedimentary
Banded Siltstone / Mudstone Pebble
Siltstone / Argillite
sedimentary