sedimentary
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite (Metamorphic Coal)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black with sub-metallic luster; Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Black with sub-metallic luster
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black with sub-metallic luster; Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the intense metamorphism of peat and bituminous coal under high pressure and temperature over millions of years, typically in tectonic fold belts. Carbon content is 86-98%.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for heating and power generation due to its high energy density and low smoke production. Also used in water filtration and as a black pigment.
Geological facts
Anthracite is the highest grade of coal and is often referred to as 'hard coal.' It burns with a short, blue, and smokeless flame. It accounts for only about 1% of global coal reserves.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its deep black color, glossy luster, and the fact that it does not leave a dirty residue on fingers compared to softer coal. Commonly found in Pennsylvania (USA), Wales, and parts of China.
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