sedimentary

Anthracite Coal

Anthracite (Metamorphic Coal)

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black with sub-metallic luster; Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8

Hardness: 2
Color: Black with sub-metallic luster

Identified July 3, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 2.5-3.0 Mohs; Color: Black with sub-metallic luster; Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (Conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8

Formation & geological history

Formed through the intense metamorphism of peat and bituminous coal under high pressure and temperature over millions of years, typically in tectonic fold belts. Carbon content is 86-98%.

Uses & applications

Primarily used for heating and power generation due to its high energy density and low smoke production. Also used in water filtration and as a black pigment.

Geological facts

Anthracite is the highest grade of coal and is often referred to as 'hard coal.' It burns with a short, blue, and smokeless flame. It accounts for only about 1% of global coal reserves.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its deep black color, glossy luster, and the fact that it does not leave a dirty residue on fingers compared to softer coal. Commonly found in Pennsylvania (USA), Wales, and parts of China.