metamorphic
Anthracite Coal
Anthracite
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 (Mohs); Color: Jet black to dark grey; Luster: Submetallic, vitreous; Crystal Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8
- Hardness
- 2
- Color
- Jet black to dark grey
- Luster
- Submetallic, vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 2.5-3.0 (Mohs); Color: Jet black to dark grey; Luster: Submetallic, vitreous; Crystal Structure: Amorphous; Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 1.3-1.8
Formation & geological history
Formed through the regional metamorphism of bituminous coal in areas with high structural deformation. It undergoes the highest pressure and heat of all coal types, primarily dating from the Carboniferous Period.
Uses & applications
Used as a high-grade fuel for domestic heating and industrial power generation. Also used in water filtration systems and for the production of electrodes and glass-making.
Geological facts
Anthracite contains the highest carbon content of all coals (86%-98%) and burns with a short, blue, smokeless flame. It is the densest and hardest form of coal.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its high luster, lack of soot when handled, and semi-conchoidal fractures. Commonly found in folded mountain belts like the Appalachian Mountains in Pennsylvania.
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