not a rock (anthropogenic material/technofossil)
Asphalt (Bituminous Concrete)
Bituminous mix containing aggregates and petroleum-based binder (CnH2n+2)
Hardness: variable (3-6 Mohs depending on aggregate); Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Dull to oily; Crystal structure: Amorphous/Granular; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.5.
- Hardness
- variable (3-6 Mohs depending on aggregate)
- Color
- Black to dark grey
- Luster
- Dull to oily
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Physical properties
Hardness: variable (3-6 Mohs depending on aggregate); Color: Black to dark grey; Luster: Dull to oily; Crystal structure: Amorphous/Granular; Specific Gravity: 2.3-2.5.
Formation & geological history
Man-made construction material produced by mixing mineral aggregates (crushed stone, sand, gravel) with liquid asphalt cement. While it mimics sedimentary conglomerate, it is an industrial product formulated in the Holocene era.
Uses & applications
Primary material for road surfacing, parking lots, airport runways, and roofing shingles. It is highly valued for its waterproof properties and flexibility.
Geological facts
Asphalt is the most recycled material in the world; nearly 99% of used asphalt is reused in new pavements. Historically, natural asphalt (bitumen) was used by ancient Egyptians for mummification.
Field identification & locations
Identified in the field by its dark color, porous texture, and presence in paved infrastructure. It is found globally across urban and suburban road networks. For collectors, it represents a 'technofossil' of the anthropocene.
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