Sandstone

Physical Properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Tan/Brown/Buff, Luster: Dull/Earthy, Crystal Structure: Granular/Clastic, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & Geological History

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments (clasts). It accumulates in environments such as deserts, river beds, or beaches over millions of years.

Uses & Applications

Widely used as a construction material (dimension stone), in glass manufacturing (if high silica content), and for making grindstones or artistic sculptures.

Geological Facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. Famous landmarks like the Grand Canyon and Petra are primarily composed of various sandstone layers.

Field Identification & Locations

Identified in the field by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible bedding planes. Common in arid regions and coastal uplift areas. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.

Identified on: 4/22/2026

Mode: Standard