mineral
Banded Agate (specifically Carnelian Agate)
Cryptocrystalline Quartz (SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale). Color: Orange-red with white banding. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal/hexagonal. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange-red with white banding
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale). Color: Orange-red with white banding. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Crystal structure: Trigonal/hexagonal. Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture). Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.
Formation & geological history
Formed in cavities of volcanic rocks or ancient lavas. Silica-rich groundwater percolates through vesicles, depositing microcrystalline quartz in layers over thousands of years to create characteristic banding.
Uses & applications
Used extensively in jewelry (beads, cabochons), carvings, decorative ornaments, and as tumbled collector stones. Historically used for signet rings and amulets.
Geological facts
The red color is caused by iron oxide impurities. Agates were among the first materials used by humans for ornamental purposes, dating back to Ancient Greece and the Indus Valley Civilization.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its distinct concentric banding, translucent edges, and waxy luster. Commonly found in riverbeds, lake shores (like Lake Superior), and volcanic regions in Brazil, India, and the USA.
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