
mineral
Banded agate tower (likely onyx/chalcedony)
Microcrystalline quartz, SiO₂; commonly called banded agate or black-and-white onyx
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness ~6.5–7 Mohs; vitreous to waxy luster, translucent gray-white bands with a dark brown-black central zone, and no visible cleavage. The polished hexagonal point is a human-shaped geological specimen; dark coloration may be natural or enhanced.
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Physical properties
Hardness ~6.5–7 Mohs; vitreous to waxy luster, translucent gray-white bands with a dark brown-black central zone, and no visible cleavage. The polished hexagonal point is a human-shaped geological specimen; dark coloration may be natural or enhanced.
Formation & geological history
Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities in volcanic rock, depositing chalcedony and quartz in successive bands. Agate formation commonly occurred during the Cenozoic and older volcanic episodes, depending on locality.
Uses & applications
Used for carvings, cabochons, ornamental towers, bookends, and jewelry; usually decorative rather than industrial.
Geological facts
Agate is a variety of chalcedony distinguished by banding; “onyx” is often used commercially for straight-banded black-and-white material, even when it is technically agate.
Field identification & locations
Identify by concentric or planar microcrystalline-quartz bands, glassy polish, lack of cleavage, and hardness sufficient to scratch ordinary glass. Common sources include Brazil, Uruguay, Mexico, India, and Madagascar.
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