mineral
Banded Carnelian Agate
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange, reddish-brown, and white; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.6
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange, reddish-brown, and white
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange, reddish-brown, and white; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline); Specific Gravity: 2.6
Formation & geological history
Formed via the deposition of silica from groundwater in cavities of igneous rocks, specifically volcanic lavas. The banding is caused by periodic changes in the composition of the fluids.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for decorative purposes, jewelry (beads, cabochons), carvings, and as a popular semi-precious gemstone for collectors and metaphysical practitioners.
Geological facts
Carnelian has been used in jewelry for over 4,500 years; the Ancient Egyptians used it in amulets to represent the setting sun. The orange color is caused by iron oxide impurities.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive concentric banding and translucency. Common locations include Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Uruguay. Field identification involves looking for waxy luster and conchoidal fracture.
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