igneous
Basalt (Vesicular)
Basalt
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark grey to black, Luster: Dull to submetallic, Structure: Fine-grained (aphanitic), Specific Gravity: 2.8–3.0
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale), Color: Dark grey to black, Luster: Dull to submetallic, Structure: Fine-grained (aphanitic), Specific Gravity: 2.8–3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed from the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava at or near the surface of a terrestrial planet or moon. Result of volcanic eruptions.
Uses & applications
Used primarily in construction (crushed stone), road base, concrete aggregate, and sometimes in decorative landscaping or as garden stones.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. It is also found on the Moon and Mars.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dark color, heavy weight (high density), and fine-grained texture. Often contains small pits (vesicles) from trapped gas bubbles.
