igneous
Basalt with Scoria/Vesicular Texture
Vesicular Basalt (Iron-rich/Oxidized)
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, purple-grey, or dark maroon; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained) with vesicles (gas bubbles); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.8–3.0
- Hardness
- 5-6 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Reddish-brown, purple-grey, or dark maroon
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 (Mohs scale); Color: Reddish-brown, purple-grey, or dark maroon; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Structure: Aphanitic (fine-grained) with vesicles (gas bubbles); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific Gravity: 2.8–3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through the rapid cooling of magnesium-rich and iron-rich lava at the Earth's surface. The pits (vesicles) are created by trapped gas bubbles that escaped as the pressure dropped during eruption. The reddish/purple tint indicates oxidation of iron-rich minerals during cooling.
Uses & applications
Commonly used as aggregate in heavy construction, road base, decor in landscaping, and occasionally as a natural abrasive or 'lava stone' in BBQ grills and jewelry.
Geological facts
Basalt is the most common rock type in the Earth's crust and makes up most of the ocean floor. When basalt contains a high volume of these gas bubbles, it is referred to as scoria.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its weight (denser than it looks), numerous small holes or pits on the surface, and fine-grained texture. Frequently found in volcanic regions like Hawaii, Iceland, and the Pacific Northwest.
