sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (SiO2 primarily)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, or brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Identified June 19, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale), Color: tan, yellow, or brown, Luster: dull/earthy, Crystal structure: granular/clastic texture, Cleavage: none, Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8

Formation & geological history

Formed from the accumulation and cementation of sand-sized mineral grains or rock fragments, typically through transport by water or wind. Often found in ancient riverbeds, deserts, or coastal environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, in the manufacture of glass, as an abrasive agent, and as a reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone is highly porous and can hold large quantities of water or oil, making it critical for the global energy and water infrastructure. Some of the world's most famous natural arches and canyon formations are made of sandstone.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its gritty, sandpaper-like texture and visible sand grains. Found globally in sedimentary basins. Collectors often look for fossil inclusions or unique banding (Liesegang rings).