sedimentary
Sandstone (Quartzose)
Arenite (predominantly SiO2)
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (sand-sized clasts); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
- Hardness
- 6-7 (Mohs scale)
- Color
- Tan, beige, or light brown
- Luster
- Dull/Earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Tan, beige, or light brown; Luster: Dull/Earthy; Crystal structure: Granular (sand-sized clasts); Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 2.2-2.8.
Formation & geological history
Formed by the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles (sand) in environments like rivers, beaches, or deserts. Often represents Phanerozoic eon deposits across various geological ages.
Uses & applications
Used widely in construction for building stone, paving, and as an aggregate. High-purity varieties are used in glass manufacturing and metal casting.
Geological facts
Sandstone makes up about 10-25% of all sedimentary rocks. It is highly porous and often serves as a significant aquifer for groundwater or a reservoir for petroleum and natural gas.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its gritty texture (feels like sandpaper) and visible sand grains. Commonly found in canyon walls and riverbeds. For collectors, look for cross-bedding or ripple marks.
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