sedimentary
Bituminous Coal
Bituminous coal (Lithotype: Durain/Clarain)
Hardness: 0.5-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark brown to black; Luster: Sub-metallic to dull; Structure: Blocky or banded; Cleavage: Prismatic fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.1-1.4.
- Hardness
- 0
- Color
- Dark brown to black
- Luster
- Sub-metallic to dull
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Physical properties
Hardness: 0.5-2.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Dark brown to black; Luster: Sub-metallic to dull; Structure: Blocky or banded; Cleavage: Prismatic fracture; Specific Gravity: 1.1-1.4.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the deep burial and biochemical alteration of peat layers (coalification/diagenesis) under heat and pressure over millions of years, typically during the Carboniferous period.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for electric power generation and as a raw material for making coke in the steel-making industry.
Geological facts
Bituminous coal is the most abundant rank of coal in the United States, accounting for about half of coal production. It contains 45% to 86% carbon and is often called 'soft coal'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its black color, tendency to leave black residue on hands, and its relatively low density compared to silicate rocks. Often found in layered seams in sedimentary basins.
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