sedimentary

Sandstone

Arenite (primarily SiO2)

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic granular texture; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale)
Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown
Luster: Dull to earthy

Identified March 27, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Brown, tan, reddish-brown; Luster: Dull to earthy; Crystal Structure: Clastic granular texture; Specific Gravity: 2.2-2.8.

Formation & geological history

Formed through the accumulation and cementation of mineral particles or rock fragments (clasts) the size of sand. These deposits are lithified over millions of years under pressure, typically found in former riverbeds, deserts, or marine environments.

Uses & applications

Extensively used as a building material, road base, and in the manufacturing of glass. It also serves as a critical reservoir rock for groundwater and petroleum.

Geological facts

Sandstone makes up about 20% of all sedimentary rocks on Earth. The famous red rock formations in places like Antelope Canyon and the Grand Canyon are composed of various sandstone layers.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive 'sandpaper' feel and visible layers (bedding). It can be found globally in outcrops and riverbanks. Collectors look for unique banding or fossil inclusions.