mineral
Botryoidal Smithsonite
Smithsonite (Zinc Carbonate, ZnCO3)
Hardness: 4-4.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Pink (often due to cobalt impurities), Luster: Vitreous to pearly, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (often found in botryoidal or 'grape-like' masses), Specific Gravity: 4.4 - 4.5
- Hardness
- 4-4
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Physical properties
Hardness: 4-4.5 (Mohs scale), Color: Pink (often due to cobalt impurities), Luster: Vitreous to pearly, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (often found in botryoidal or 'grape-like' masses), Specific Gravity: 4.4 - 4.5
Formation & geological history
Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of zinc-bearing ore deposits. It occurs by the chemical weathering of primary zinc minerals like sphalerite in limestone host rocks.
Uses & applications
A major ore of zinc; also highly sought after by mineral collectors for its unique textures and colors. Occasionally used in jewelry as cabochons.
Geological facts
Formerly known as 'calamine,' it was renamed in 1832 by François Sulpice Beudant in honor of James Smithson, the founder of the Smithsonian Institution. Pink/purple varieties are sometimes referred to as 'cobaltoan smithsonite'.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its heavy weight for its size (high specific gravity) and its characteristic bubbling reaction to warm hydrochloric acid. Often presents with a 'bubbly' or mammillary surface texture.
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