sedimentary

Brown Jasper

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Rich chocolate brown, Luster: Vitreous to waxy, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline/cryptocrystalline), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.91.

Hardness: 6

Identified July 4, 2026More sedimentary →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed from the deposition of microcrystalline silica in volcanic or sedimentary environments. The brown coloration is typically due to the inclusion of iron oxides (goethite or limonite). Often found in hydrothermal veins or as part of nodular flint-like deposits.

Uses & applications

Commonly used in lapidary work for making cabochons, beads, and decorative carvings. Historically used for making tools and seals. Also popular in jewelry and for its purported metaphysical grounding properties.

Geological facts

Jasper is an impure variety of silica. The name comes from the Greek word 'iaspis', meaning 'spotted stone'. Brown jasper specifically is often referred to as 'Egyptian Marble' when it displays certain patterns. It has been used for ornamentation since antiquity.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its opaque nature (unlike agate which is translucent), its smooth conchoidal fracture, and its high hardness which prevents it from being scratched by a steel knife. Common locations include India, Brazil, Madagascar, and the USA.