gemstone
Carnelian Agate Beads
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs. Color: Orange to reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Structure: Cryptocrystalline. Cleavage: None. Translucent to semi-opaque.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange to reddish-brown
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs. Color: Orange to reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Structure: Cryptocrystalline. Cleavage: None. Translucent to semi-opaque.
Formation & geological history
Formed as a silica-rich precipitate in volcanic rock cavities or sedimentary environments. The orange hue is caused by iron oxide (hematite) impurities.
Uses & applications
Primarily used in jewelry making, beadwork, lapidary arts, and as a collector's stone or decorative accent.
Geological facts
Carnelian was used by ancient Egyptians for amulets and seals, and it was believed to give courage in battle. Natural carnelian often gets its color from UV exposure or thermal processing.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its warm orange color and translucency relative to jasper. Commonly found in India, Brazil, and Uruguay. These specimens are shaped into spherical beads.
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