mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon dioxide (SiO2) - variety of chalcedony

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale), Color: Amber, orange to reddish-brown, Luster: Waxy to vitreous, Crystal Structure: Trigonal (cryptocrystalline), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6

Identified May 13, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the deposition of silica from groundwater in the cavities of igneous rocks. The orange color is caused by iron oxide impurities. These can range from modern formations to specimens millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Primarily used in jewelry, lapidary arts for cabochons and beads, and as decorative or healing stones in alternative medicine.

Geological facts

Carnelian was highly prized in ancient times; ancient Romans used it for signet rings and Egyptian pharaohs were often buried with it to assist in the journey to the afterlife.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its distinctive waxy luster, translucency, and banding (which classifies it as agate). Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and the United States (western states). Look for smooth, water-worn pebbles in riverbeds or gravel deposits.

Other mineral specimens

See all

Sandstone (with potential mineral staining/concretions)

Arenite (SiO2 based)

sedimentary

Schist

Metamorphic

Epidote

Epidote | Ca2(Al2,Fe3+)(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)

metamorphic

Gypsum (variety Selenite or Alabaster)

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CaSO4·2H2O)

Mineral

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite

Mineral/Rock

Banded Gneiss (River Rock/Pebble)

Gneiss (specifically a banded variety often found as a river rock)

Metamorphic Rock