mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions

Hardness: 6.5-7 (Mohs scale); Color: Translucent reddish-brown to orange; Luster: Waxy to vitreous; Crystal structure: Hexagonal (cryptocrystalline); Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture); Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Translucent reddish-brown to orange
Luster: Waxy to vitreous

Identified July 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in volcanic cavities or sedimentary rocks through the deposition of silica-rich fluids. The reddish color is caused by the presence of iron oxide impurities (hematite).

Uses & applications

Commonly used in jewelry, lapidary arts for cabochons and beads, and as decorative pocket stones or healing crystals.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used for centuries, dating back to ancient Egypt where it was believed to have protective properties and was used in the jewelry of pharaohs.

Field identification & locations

Identified by its waxy luster, translucency, and reddish-orange hue. Commonly found in riverbeds or gravel pits in regions like Brazil, India, and the United States (western states).

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