mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Brownish-red, orange, or amber; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Hardness: 6
Color: Brownish-red, orange, or amber
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified June 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Brownish-red, orange, or amber; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Crystal structure: Trigonal/Microcrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64

Formation & geological history

Formed as a cryptocrystalline variety of quartz within cavities of volcanic or metamorphic rocks through the seepage of silica-rich water. Its reddish hue comes from iron oxide impurities.

Uses & applications

Used primarily in lapidary arts, jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative seals, and as emotional/metaphysical healing stones for collectors.

Geological facts

Carnelian has been used since the Neolithic period; it was highly prized in Ancient Egypt for amulets and in Rome for signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its translucent, waxy appearance and warm reddish-orange tones. Commonly found in Brazil, India, Uruguay, and Madagascar. Look for it in riverbeds or gravel deposits near volcanic regions.