mineral

Carnelian Agate

Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) - variety of Chalcedony

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs. Color: Orange to reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Hardness: 6
Color: Orange to reddish-brown
Luster: Vitreous to waxy

Identified July 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs. Color: Orange to reddish-brown. Luster: Vitreous to waxy. Crystal Structure: Hexagonal (microcrystalline). Cleavage: None. Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.

Formation & geological history

Formed in volcanic and sedimentary environments through the precipitation of silica from groundwater in cavities (vugs) of igneous rocks. Most specimens are millions of years old.

Uses & applications

Widely used in jewelry making, gemstones, beadwork, and decorative carvings. Historically used for seal stones and amulets.

Geological facts

The color is primarily due to impurities of iron oxide. In ancient Egypt, carnelian was believed to have protective powers and was commonly placed in burials to assist the dead in their journey to the afterlife.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its characteristic waxy luster and translucent orange-red hue. It is often found as smooth river pebbles or inside volcanic host rocks. Common locations include Brazil, India, and Madagascar.