mineral
Carnelian Agate
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2) with iron oxide inclusions
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange, red, white, tan with banded or orbicular patterns; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Cryptocrystalline quartz; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange, red, white, tan with banded or orbicular patterns
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange, red, white, tan with banded or orbicular patterns; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Cryptocrystalline quartz; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64.
Formation & geological history
Formed in cavities and fissures of volcanic rocks through the deposition of silica from groundwater. The red/orange tint is caused by iron oxide impurities. This specimen has been carved and polished into a heart shape.
Uses & applications
Commonly used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, lapidary art, and holistic practices. Historically used for signet rings and amulets.
Geological facts
Carnelian is one of the oldest gemstones ever mined, with uses dating back to the Neolithic period. The banded and orbicular (circular) patterns seen here are characteristic of agates, whereas solid color is just carnelian.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy luster, translucency, and warm color palette. Commonly sourced from Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Uruguay. Collectors look for vibrant colors and distinct banding patterns.
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