gemstone
Carnelian Agate
Silicon Dioxide (SiO2)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange-red to brownish-red with concentric banding; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Orange-red to brownish-red with concentric banding
- Luster
- Vitreous to waxy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7 Mohs; Color: Orange-red to brownish-red with concentric banding; Luster: Vitreous to waxy; Structure: Cryptocrystalline; Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Formed in volcanic cavities or sedimentary rocks through the deposition of silica from groundwater; color is derived from iron oxide (hematite) impurities.
Uses & applications
Primarily used for jewelry, lapidary arts, metaphysical talismans, and ornamental carvings like the Pi Disc shape shown.
Geological facts
Carnelian was widely used in Ancient Egypt for scarabs and amulets, often associated with the goddess Isis. It was also popular in Roman signet rings because hot wax does not stick to it.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive translucency and banded patterns. Common sources include Brazil, India, Madagascar, and Uruguay. Collectors look for high clarity and rich, natural coloration.
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